Various chemical and physical purification methods can be applied to separate or concentrate a target analyte prior to analysis. Among these are absorption, adsorption, chromatography, distillation, extraction, ion exchange, filtration, complex formation, crystallization, drying, and many more. Sample preparation prior to analysis helps bring a sample to a format that is compatible with the analytical technique, reduces sample complexity, removes interfering impurities, and concentrates the analyte prior to analysis. Appropriate sample preparation will prevent clogging, may reduce the need for stringent washing procedures, and can extend the life of the chromatographic medium.